001    /**
002     * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
003     * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
004     * distributed with this work for additional information
005     * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
006     * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
007     * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
008     * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
009     *
010     *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
011     *
012     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
013     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
014     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
015     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
016     * limitations under the License.
017     */
018    
019    package org.apache.hadoop.conf;
020    
021    import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
022    import java.io.DataInput;
023    import java.io.DataOutput;
024    import java.io.File;
025    import java.io.FileInputStream;
026    import java.io.IOException;
027    import java.io.InputStream;
028    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
029    import java.io.OutputStream;
030    import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
031    import java.io.Reader;
032    import java.io.Writer;
033    import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
034    import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
035    import java.net.URL;
036    import java.util.ArrayList;
037    import java.util.Arrays;
038    import java.util.Collection;
039    import java.util.Collections;
040    import java.util.Enumeration;
041    import java.util.HashMap;
042    import java.util.HashSet;
043    import java.util.Iterator;
044    import java.util.LinkedList;
045    import java.util.List;
046    import java.util.ListIterator;
047    import java.util.Map;
048    import java.util.Map.Entry;
049    import java.util.Properties;
050    import java.util.Set;
051    import java.util.StringTokenizer;
052    import java.util.WeakHashMap;
053    import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
054    import java.util.regex.Matcher;
055    import java.util.regex.Pattern;
056    import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
057    
058    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
059    import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
060    import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
061    import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
062    import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
063    import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
064    import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
065    import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
066    
067    import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
068    import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
069    import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience;
070    import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability;
071    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
072    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
073    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.CommonConfigurationKeys;
074    import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
075    import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableUtils;
076    import org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils;
077    import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
078    import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringInterner;
079    import org.apache.hadoop.util.StringUtils;
080    import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonFactory;
081    import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator;
082    import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
083    import org.w3c.dom.Document;
084    import org.w3c.dom.Element;
085    import org.w3c.dom.Node;
086    import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
087    import org.w3c.dom.Text;
088    import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
089    import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
090    
091    /** 
092     * Provides access to configuration parameters.
093     *
094     * <h4 id="Resources">Resources</h4>
095     *
096     * <p>Configurations are specified by resources. A resource contains a set of
097     * name/value pairs as XML data. Each resource is named by either a 
098     * <code>String</code> or by a {@link Path}. If named by a <code>String</code>, 
099     * then the classpath is examined for a file with that name.  If named by a 
100     * <code>Path</code>, then the local filesystem is examined directly, without 
101     * referring to the classpath.
102     *
103     * <p>Unless explicitly turned off, Hadoop by default specifies two 
104     * resources, loaded in-order from the classpath: <ol>
105     * <li><tt><a href="{@docRoot}/../core-default.html">core-default.xml</a>
106     * </tt>: Read-only defaults for hadoop.</li>
107     * <li><tt>core-site.xml</tt>: Site-specific configuration for a given hadoop
108     * installation.</li>
109     * </ol>
110     * Applications may add additional resources, which are loaded
111     * subsequent to these resources in the order they are added.
112     * 
113     * <h4 id="FinalParams">Final Parameters</h4>
114     *
115     * <p>Configuration parameters may be declared <i>final</i>. 
116     * Once a resource declares a value final, no subsequently-loaded 
117     * resource can alter that value.  
118     * For example, one might define a final parameter with:
119     * <tt><pre>
120     *  &lt;property&gt;
121     *    &lt;name&gt;dfs.hosts.include&lt;/name&gt;
122     *    &lt;value&gt;/etc/hadoop/conf/hosts.include&lt;/value&gt;
123     *    <b>&lt;final&gt;true&lt;/final&gt;</b>
124     *  &lt;/property&gt;</pre></tt>
125     *
126     * Administrators typically define parameters as final in 
127     * <tt>core-site.xml</tt> for values that user applications may not alter.
128     *
129     * <h4 id="VariableExpansion">Variable Expansion</h4>
130     *
131     * <p>Value strings are first processed for <i>variable expansion</i>. The
132     * available properties are:<ol>
133     * <li>Other properties defined in this Configuration; and, if a name is
134     * undefined here,</li>
135     * <li>Properties in {@link System#getProperties()}.</li>
136     * </ol>
137     *
138     * <p>For example, if a configuration resource contains the following property
139     * definitions: 
140     * <tt><pre>
141     *  &lt;property&gt;
142     *    &lt;name&gt;basedir&lt;/name&gt;
143     *    &lt;value&gt;/user/${<i>user.name</i>}&lt;/value&gt;
144     *  &lt;/property&gt;
145     *  
146     *  &lt;property&gt;
147     *    &lt;name&gt;tempdir&lt;/name&gt;
148     *    &lt;value&gt;${<i>basedir</i>}/tmp&lt;/value&gt;
149     *  &lt;/property&gt;</pre></tt>
150     *
151     * When <tt>conf.get("tempdir")</tt> is called, then <tt>${<i>basedir</i>}</tt>
152     * will be resolved to another property in this Configuration, while
153     * <tt>${<i>user.name</i>}</tt> would then ordinarily be resolved to the value
154     * of the System property with that name.
155     */
156    @InterfaceAudience.Public
157    @InterfaceStability.Stable
158    public class Configuration implements Iterable<Map.Entry<String,String>>,
159                                          Writable {
160      private static final Log LOG =
161        LogFactory.getLog(Configuration.class);
162    
163      private boolean quietmode = true;
164      
165      private static class Resource {
166        private final Object resource;
167        private final String name;
168        
169        public Resource(Object resource) {
170          this(resource, resource.toString());
171        }
172        
173        public Resource(Object resource, String name) {
174          this.resource = resource;
175          this.name = name;
176        }
177        
178        public String getName(){
179          return name;
180        }
181        
182        public Object getResource() {
183          return resource;
184        }
185        
186        @Override
187        public String toString() {
188          return name;
189        }
190      }
191      
192      /**
193       * List of configuration resources.
194       */
195      private ArrayList<Resource> resources = new ArrayList<Resource>();
196      
197      /**
198       * The value reported as the setting resource when a key is set
199       * by code rather than a file resource by dumpConfiguration.
200       */
201      static final String UNKNOWN_RESOURCE = "Unknown";
202    
203    
204      /**
205       * List of configuration parameters marked <b>final</b>. 
206       */
207      private Set<String> finalParameters = new HashSet<String>();
208      
209      private boolean loadDefaults = true;
210      
211      /**
212       * Configuration objects
213       */
214      private static final WeakHashMap<Configuration,Object> REGISTRY = 
215        new WeakHashMap<Configuration,Object>();
216      
217      /**
218       * List of default Resources. Resources are loaded in the order of the list 
219       * entries
220       */
221      private static final CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> defaultResources =
222        new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
223    
224      private static final Map<ClassLoader, Map<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>>>
225        CACHE_CLASSES = new WeakHashMap<ClassLoader, Map<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>>>();
226    
227      /**
228       * Sentinel value to store negative cache results in {@link #CACHE_CLASSES}.
229       */
230      private static final Class<?> NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL =
231        NegativeCacheSentinel.class;
232    
233      /**
234       * Stores the mapping of key to the resource which modifies or loads 
235       * the key most recently
236       */
237      private HashMap<String, String[]> updatingResource;
238     
239      /**
240       * Class to keep the information about the keys which replace the deprecated
241       * ones.
242       * 
243       * This class stores the new keys which replace the deprecated keys and also
244       * gives a provision to have a custom message for each of the deprecated key
245       * that is being replaced. It also provides method to get the appropriate
246       * warning message which can be logged whenever the deprecated key is used.
247       */
248      private static class DeprecatedKeyInfo {
249        private String[] newKeys;
250        private String customMessage;
251        private boolean accessed;
252        DeprecatedKeyInfo(String[] newKeys, String customMessage) {
253          this.newKeys = newKeys;
254          this.customMessage = customMessage;
255          accessed = false;
256        }
257    
258        /**
259         * Method to provide the warning message. It gives the custom message if
260         * non-null, and default message otherwise.
261         * @param key the associated deprecated key.
262         * @return message that is to be logged when a deprecated key is used.
263         */
264        private final String getWarningMessage(String key) {
265          String warningMessage;
266          if(customMessage == null) {
267            StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder(key);
268            String deprecatedKeySuffix = " is deprecated. Instead, use ";
269            message.append(deprecatedKeySuffix);
270            for (int i = 0; i < newKeys.length; i++) {
271              message.append(newKeys[i]);
272              if(i != newKeys.length-1) {
273                message.append(", ");
274              }
275            }
276            warningMessage = message.toString();
277          }
278          else {
279            warningMessage = customMessage;
280          }
281          accessed = true;
282          return warningMessage;
283        }
284      }
285      
286      /**
287       * Stores the deprecated keys, the new keys which replace the deprecated keys
288       * and custom message(if any provided).
289       */
290      private static Map<String, DeprecatedKeyInfo> deprecatedKeyMap = 
291          new HashMap<String, DeprecatedKeyInfo>();
292      
293      /**
294       * Stores a mapping from superseding keys to the keys which they deprecate.
295       */
296      private static Map<String, String> reverseDeprecatedKeyMap =
297          new HashMap<String, String>();
298    
299      /**
300       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map.
301       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
302       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
303       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
304       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
305       * 
306       * If a key is deprecated in favor of multiple keys, they are all treated as 
307       * aliases of each other, and setting any one of them resets all the others 
308       * to the new value.
309       * 
310       * @param key
311       * @param newKeys
312       * @param customMessage
313       * @deprecated use {@link #addDeprecation(String key, String newKey,
314          String customMessage)} instead
315       */
316      @Deprecated
317      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String[] newKeys,
318          String customMessage) {
319        if (key == null || key.length() == 0 ||
320            newKeys == null || newKeys.length == 0) {
321          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
322        }
323        if (!isDeprecated(key)) {
324          DeprecatedKeyInfo newKeyInfo;
325          newKeyInfo = new DeprecatedKeyInfo(newKeys, customMessage);
326          deprecatedKeyMap.put(key, newKeyInfo);
327          for (String newKey : newKeys) {
328            reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.put(newKey, key);
329          }
330        }
331      }
332      
333      /**
334       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map.
335       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
336       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
337       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
338       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
339       * 
340       * @param key
341       * @param newKey
342       * @param customMessage
343       */
344      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String newKey,
345                  String customMessage) {
346              addDeprecation(key, new String[] {newKey}, customMessage);
347      }
348    
349      /**
350       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map when no custom message
351       * is provided.
352       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
353       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
354       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
355       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
356       * 
357       * If a key is deprecated in favor of multiple keys, they are all treated as 
358       * aliases of each other, and setting any one of them resets all the others 
359       * to the new value.
360       * 
361       * @param key Key that is to be deprecated
362       * @param newKeys list of keys that take up the values of deprecated key
363       * @deprecated use {@link #addDeprecation(String key, String newKey)} instead
364       */
365      @Deprecated
366      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String[] newKeys) {
367        addDeprecation(key, newKeys, null);
368      }
369      
370      /**
371       * Adds the deprecated key to the deprecation map when no custom message
372       * is provided.
373       * It does not override any existing entries in the deprecation map.
374       * This is to be used only by the developers in order to add deprecation of
375       * keys, and attempts to call this method after loading resources once,
376       * would lead to <tt>UnsupportedOperationException</tt>
377       * 
378       * @param key Key that is to be deprecated
379       * @param newKey key that takes up the value of deprecated key
380       */
381      public synchronized static void addDeprecation(String key, String newKey) {
382            addDeprecation(key, new String[] {newKey}, null);
383      }
384      
385      /**
386       * checks whether the given <code>key</code> is deprecated.
387       * 
388       * @param key the parameter which is to be checked for deprecation
389       * @return <code>true</code> if the key is deprecated and 
390       *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
391       */
392      public static boolean isDeprecated(String key) {
393        return deprecatedKeyMap.containsKey(key);
394      }
395    
396      /**
397       * Returns the alternate name for a key if the property name is deprecated
398       * or if deprecates a property name.
399       *
400       * @param name property name.
401       * @return alternate name.
402       */
403      private String[] getAlternateNames(String name) {
404        String altNames[] = null;
405        DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(name);
406        if (keyInfo == null) {
407          altNames = (reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.get(name) != null ) ? 
408            new String [] {reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.get(name)} : null;
409          if(altNames != null && altNames.length > 0) {
410            //To help look for other new configs for this deprecated config
411            keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(altNames[0]);
412          }      
413        } 
414        if(keyInfo != null && keyInfo.newKeys.length > 0) {
415          List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); 
416          if(altNames != null) {
417              list.addAll(Arrays.asList(altNames));
418          }
419          list.addAll(Arrays.asList(keyInfo.newKeys));
420          altNames = list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
421        }
422        return altNames;
423      }
424    
425      /**
426       * Checks for the presence of the property <code>name</code> in the
427       * deprecation map. Returns the first of the list of new keys if present
428       * in the deprecation map or the <code>name</code> itself. If the property
429       * is not presently set but the property map contains an entry for the
430       * deprecated key, the value of the deprecated key is set as the value for
431       * the provided property name.
432       *
433       * @param name the property name
434       * @return the first property in the list of properties mapping
435       *         the <code>name</code> or the <code>name</code> itself.
436       */
437      private String[] handleDeprecation(String name) {
438        ArrayList<String > names = new ArrayList<String>();
439            if (isDeprecated(name)) {
440          DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(name);
441          warnOnceIfDeprecated(name);
442          for (String newKey : keyInfo.newKeys) {
443            if(newKey != null) {
444              names.add(newKey);
445            }
446          }
447        }
448        if(names.size() == 0) {
449            names.add(name);
450        }
451        for(String n : names) {
452              String deprecatedKey = reverseDeprecatedKeyMap.get(n);
453              if (deprecatedKey != null && !getOverlay().containsKey(n) &&
454                  getOverlay().containsKey(deprecatedKey)) {
455                getProps().setProperty(n, getOverlay().getProperty(deprecatedKey));
456                getOverlay().setProperty(n, getOverlay().getProperty(deprecatedKey));
457              }
458        }
459        return names.toArray(new String[names.size()]);
460      }
461     
462      private void handleDeprecation() {
463        LOG.debug("Handling deprecation for all properties in config...");
464        Set<Object> keys = new HashSet<Object>();
465        keys.addAll(getProps().keySet());
466        for (Object item: keys) {
467          LOG.debug("Handling deprecation for " + (String)item);
468          handleDeprecation((String)item);
469        }
470      }
471     
472      static{
473        //print deprecation warning if hadoop-site.xml is found in classpath
474        ClassLoader cL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
475        if (cL == null) {
476          cL = Configuration.class.getClassLoader();
477        }
478        if(cL.getResource("hadoop-site.xml")!=null) {
479          LOG.warn("DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath. " +
480              "Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site.xml, "
481              + "mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml to override properties of " +
482              "core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml " +
483              "respectively");
484        }
485        addDefaultResource("core-default.xml");
486        addDefaultResource("core-site.xml");
487        //Add code for managing deprecated key mapping
488        //for example
489        //addDeprecation("oldKey1",new String[]{"newkey1","newkey2"});
490        //adds deprecation for oldKey1 to two new keys(newkey1, newkey2).
491        //so get or set of oldKey1 will correctly populate/access values of 
492        //newkey1 and newkey2
493        addDeprecatedKeys();
494      }
495      
496      private Properties properties;
497      private Properties overlay;
498      private ClassLoader classLoader;
499      {
500        classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
501        if (classLoader == null) {
502          classLoader = Configuration.class.getClassLoader();
503        }
504      }
505      
506      /** A new configuration. */
507      public Configuration() {
508        this(true);
509      }
510    
511      /** A new configuration where the behavior of reading from the default 
512       * resources can be turned off.
513       * 
514       * If the parameter {@code loadDefaults} is false, the new instance
515       * will not load resources from the default files. 
516       * @param loadDefaults specifies whether to load from the default files
517       */
518      public Configuration(boolean loadDefaults) {
519        this.loadDefaults = loadDefaults;
520        updatingResource = new HashMap<String, String[]>();
521        synchronized(Configuration.class) {
522          REGISTRY.put(this, null);
523        }
524      }
525      
526      /** 
527       * A new configuration with the same settings cloned from another.
528       * 
529       * @param other the configuration from which to clone settings.
530       */
531      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
532      public Configuration(Configuration other) {
533       this.resources = (ArrayList<Resource>) other.resources.clone();
534       synchronized(other) {
535         if (other.properties != null) {
536           this.properties = (Properties)other.properties.clone();
537         }
538    
539         if (other.overlay!=null) {
540           this.overlay = (Properties)other.overlay.clone();
541         }
542    
543         this.updatingResource = new HashMap<String, String[]>(other.updatingResource);
544       }
545       
546        this.finalParameters = new HashSet<String>(other.finalParameters);
547        synchronized(Configuration.class) {
548          REGISTRY.put(this, null);
549        }
550        this.classLoader = other.classLoader;
551        this.loadDefaults = other.loadDefaults;
552        setQuietMode(other.getQuietMode());
553      }
554      
555      /**
556       * Add a default resource. Resources are loaded in the order of the resources 
557       * added.
558       * @param name file name. File should be present in the classpath.
559       */
560      public static synchronized void addDefaultResource(String name) {
561        if(!defaultResources.contains(name)) {
562          defaultResources.add(name);
563          for(Configuration conf : REGISTRY.keySet()) {
564            if(conf.loadDefaults) {
565              conf.reloadConfiguration();
566            }
567          }
568        }
569      }
570    
571      /**
572       * Add a configuration resource. 
573       * 
574       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
575       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
576       * 
577       * @param name resource to be added, the classpath is examined for a file 
578       *             with that name.
579       */
580      public void addResource(String name) {
581        addResourceObject(new Resource(name));
582      }
583    
584      /**
585       * Add a configuration resource. 
586       * 
587       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
588       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
589       * 
590       * @param url url of the resource to be added, the local filesystem is 
591       *            examined directly to find the resource, without referring to 
592       *            the classpath.
593       */
594      public void addResource(URL url) {
595        addResourceObject(new Resource(url));
596      }
597    
598      /**
599       * Add a configuration resource. 
600       * 
601       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
602       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
603       * 
604       * @param file file-path of resource to be added, the local filesystem is
605       *             examined directly to find the resource, without referring to 
606       *             the classpath.
607       */
608      public void addResource(Path file) {
609        addResourceObject(new Resource(file));
610      }
611    
612      /**
613       * Add a configuration resource. 
614       * 
615       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
616       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
617       * 
618       * WARNING: The contents of the InputStream will be cached, by this method. 
619       * So use this sparingly because it does increase the memory consumption.
620       * 
621       * @param in InputStream to deserialize the object from. In will be read from
622       * when a get or set is called next.  After it is read the stream will be
623       * closed. 
624       */
625      public void addResource(InputStream in) {
626        addResourceObject(new Resource(in));
627      }
628    
629      /**
630       * Add a configuration resource. 
631       * 
632       * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously 
633       * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>. 
634       * 
635       * @param in InputStream to deserialize the object from.
636       * @param name the name of the resource because InputStream.toString is not
637       * very descriptive some times.  
638       */
639      public void addResource(InputStream in, String name) {
640        addResourceObject(new Resource(in, name));
641      }
642      
643      
644      /**
645       * Reload configuration from previously added resources.
646       *
647       * This method will clear all the configuration read from the added 
648       * resources, and final parameters. This will make the resources to 
649       * be read again before accessing the values. Values that are added
650       * via set methods will overlay values read from the resources.
651       */
652      public synchronized void reloadConfiguration() {
653        properties = null;                            // trigger reload
654        finalParameters.clear();                      // clear site-limits
655      }
656      
657      private synchronized void addResourceObject(Resource resource) {
658        resources.add(resource);                      // add to resources
659        reloadConfiguration();
660      }
661      
662      private static Pattern varPat = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{[^\\}\\$\u0020]+\\}");
663      private static int MAX_SUBST = 20;
664    
665      private String substituteVars(String expr) {
666        if (expr == null) {
667          return null;
668        }
669        Matcher match = varPat.matcher("");
670        String eval = expr;
671        for(int s=0; s<MAX_SUBST; s++) {
672          match.reset(eval);
673          if (!match.find()) {
674            return eval;
675          }
676          String var = match.group();
677          var = var.substring(2, var.length()-1); // remove ${ .. }
678          String val = null;
679          try {
680            val = System.getProperty(var);
681          } catch(SecurityException se) {
682            LOG.warn("Unexpected SecurityException in Configuration", se);
683          }
684          if (val == null) {
685            val = getRaw(var);
686          }
687          if (val == null) {
688            return eval; // return literal ${var}: var is unbound
689          }
690          // substitute
691          eval = eval.substring(0, match.start())+val+eval.substring(match.end());
692        }
693        throw new IllegalStateException("Variable substitution depth too large: " 
694                                        + MAX_SUBST + " " + expr);
695      }
696      
697      /**
698       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property, <code>null</code> if
699       * no such property exists. If the key is deprecated, it returns the value of
700       * the first key which replaces the deprecated key and is not null
701       * 
702       * Values are processed for <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a> 
703       * before being returned. 
704       * 
705       * @param name the property name.
706       * @return the value of the <code>name</code> or its replacing property, 
707       *         or null if no such property exists.
708       */
709      public String get(String name) {
710        String[] names = handleDeprecation(name);
711        String result = null;
712        for(String n : names) {
713          result = substituteVars(getProps().getProperty(n));
714        }
715        return result;
716      }
717      
718      /**
719       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a trimmed <code>String</code>, 
720       * <code>null</code> if no such property exists. 
721       * If the key is deprecated, it returns the value of
722       * the first key which replaces the deprecated key and is not null
723       * 
724       * Values are processed for <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a> 
725       * before being returned. 
726       * 
727       * @param name the property name.
728       * @return the value of the <code>name</code> or its replacing property, 
729       *         or null if no such property exists.
730       */
731      public String getTrimmed(String name) {
732        String value = get(name);
733        
734        if (null == value) {
735          return null;
736        } else {
737          return value.trim();
738        }
739      }
740    
741      /**
742       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property, without doing
743       * <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a>.If the key is 
744       * deprecated, it returns the value of the first key which replaces 
745       * the deprecated key and is not null.
746       * 
747       * @param name the property name.
748       * @return the value of the <code>name</code> property or 
749       *         its replacing property and null if no such property exists.
750       */
751      public String getRaw(String name) {
752        String[] names = handleDeprecation(name);
753        String result = null;
754        for(String n : names) {
755          result = getProps().getProperty(n);
756        }
757        return result;
758      }
759    
760      /** 
761       * Set the <code>value</code> of the <code>name</code> property. If 
762       * <code>name</code> is deprecated or there is a deprecated name associated to it,
763       * it sets the value to both names.
764       * 
765       * @param name property name.
766       * @param value property value.
767       */
768      public void set(String name, String value) {
769        set(name, value, null);
770      }
771      
772      /** 
773       * Set the <code>value</code> of the <code>name</code> property. If 
774       * <code>name</code> is deprecated or there is a deprecated name associated to it,
775       * it sets the value to both names.
776       * 
777       * @param name property name.
778       * @param value property value.
779       * @param source the place that this configuration value came from 
780       * (For debugging).
781       * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the value or name is null.
782       */
783      public void set(String name, String value, String source) {
784        Preconditions.checkArgument(
785            name != null,
786            "Property name must not be null");
787        Preconditions.checkArgument(
788            value != null,
789            "Property value must not be null");
790        if (deprecatedKeyMap.isEmpty()) {
791          getProps();
792        }
793        getOverlay().setProperty(name, value);
794        getProps().setProperty(name, value);
795        if(source == null) {
796          updatingResource.put(name, new String[] {"programatically"});
797        } else {
798          updatingResource.put(name, new String[] {source});
799        }
800        String[] altNames = getAlternateNames(name);
801        if (altNames != null && altNames.length > 0) {
802          String altSource = "because " + name + " is deprecated";
803          for(String altName : altNames) {
804            if(!altName.equals(name)) {
805              getOverlay().setProperty(altName, value);
806              getProps().setProperty(altName, value);
807              updatingResource.put(altName, new String[] {altSource});
808            }
809          }
810        }
811        warnOnceIfDeprecated(name);
812      }
813    
814      private void warnOnceIfDeprecated(String name) {
815        DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(name);
816        if (keyInfo != null && !keyInfo.accessed) {
817          LOG.warn(keyInfo.getWarningMessage(name));
818        }
819      }
820    
821      /**
822       * Unset a previously set property.
823       */
824      public synchronized void unset(String name) {
825        String[] altNames = getAlternateNames(name);
826        getOverlay().remove(name);
827        getProps().remove(name);
828        if (altNames !=null && altNames.length > 0) {
829          for(String altName : altNames) {
830            getOverlay().remove(altName);
831            getProps().remove(altName);
832          }
833        }
834      }
835    
836      /**
837       * Sets a property if it is currently unset.
838       * @param name the property name
839       * @param value the new value
840       */
841      public synchronized void setIfUnset(String name, String value) {
842        if (get(name) == null) {
843          set(name, value);
844        }
845      }
846      
847      private synchronized Properties getOverlay() {
848        if (overlay==null){
849          overlay=new Properties();
850        }
851        return overlay;
852      }
853    
854      /** 
855       * Get the value of the <code>name</code>. If the key is deprecated,
856       * it returns the value of the first key which replaces the deprecated key
857       * and is not null.
858       * If no such property exists,
859       * then <code>defaultValue</code> is returned.
860       * 
861       * @param name property name.
862       * @param defaultValue default value.
863       * @return property value, or <code>defaultValue</code> if the property 
864       *         doesn't exist.                    
865       */
866      public String get(String name, String defaultValue) {
867        String[] names = handleDeprecation(name);
868        String result = null;
869        for(String n : names) {
870          result = substituteVars(getProps().getProperty(n, defaultValue));
871        }
872        return result;
873      }
874        
875      /** 
876       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as an <code>int</code>.
877       *   
878       * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
879       * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>int</code>,
880       * then an error is thrown.
881       * 
882       * @param name property name.
883       * @param defaultValue default value.
884       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
885       * @return property value as an <code>int</code>, 
886       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
887       */
888      public int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {
889        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
890        if (valueString == null)
891          return defaultValue;
892        String hexString = getHexDigits(valueString);
893        if (hexString != null) {
894          return Integer.parseInt(hexString, 16);
895        }
896        return Integer.parseInt(valueString);
897      }
898      
899      /**
900       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a set of comma-delimited
901       * <code>int</code> values.
902       * 
903       * If no such property exists, an empty array is returned.
904       * 
905       * @param name property name
906       * @return property value interpreted as an array of comma-delimited
907       *         <code>int</code> values
908       */
909      public int[] getInts(String name) {
910        String[] strings = getTrimmedStrings(name);
911        int[] ints = new int[strings.length];
912        for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
913          ints[i] = Integer.parseInt(strings[i]);
914        }
915        return ints;
916      }
917    
918      /** 
919       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to an <code>int</code>.
920       * 
921       * @param name property name.
922       * @param value <code>int</code> value of the property.
923       */
924      public void setInt(String name, int value) {
925        set(name, Integer.toString(value));
926      }
927    
928    
929      /** 
930       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>long</code>.  
931       * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
932       * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>long</code>,
933       * then an error is thrown.
934       * 
935       * @param name property name.
936       * @param defaultValue default value.
937       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
938       * @return property value as a <code>long</code>, 
939       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
940       */
941      public long getLong(String name, long defaultValue) {
942        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
943        if (valueString == null)
944          return defaultValue;
945        String hexString = getHexDigits(valueString);
946        if (hexString != null) {
947          return Long.parseLong(hexString, 16);
948        }
949        return Long.parseLong(valueString);
950      }
951    
952      /**
953       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>long</code> or
954       * human readable format. If no such property exists, the provided default
955       * value is returned, or if the specified value is not a valid
956       * <code>long</code> or human readable format, then an error is thrown. You
957       * can use the following suffix (case insensitive): k(kilo), m(mega), g(giga),
958       * t(tera), p(peta), e(exa)
959       *
960       * @param name property name.
961       * @param defaultValue default value.
962       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
963       * @return property value as a <code>long</code>,
964       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
965       */
966      public long getLongBytes(String name, long defaultValue) {
967        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
968        if (valueString == null)
969          return defaultValue;
970        return StringUtils.TraditionalBinaryPrefix.string2long(valueString);
971      }
972    
973      private String getHexDigits(String value) {
974        boolean negative = false;
975        String str = value;
976        String hexString = null;
977        if (value.startsWith("-")) {
978          negative = true;
979          str = value.substring(1);
980        }
981        if (str.startsWith("0x") || str.startsWith("0X")) {
982          hexString = str.substring(2);
983          if (negative) {
984            hexString = "-" + hexString;
985          }
986          return hexString;
987        }
988        return null;
989      }
990      
991      /** 
992       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>long</code>.
993       * 
994       * @param name property name.
995       * @param value <code>long</code> value of the property.
996       */
997      public void setLong(String name, long value) {
998        set(name, Long.toString(value));
999      }
1000    
1001      /** 
1002       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>float</code>.  
1003       * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
1004       * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>float</code>,
1005       * then an error is thrown.
1006       *
1007       * @param name property name.
1008       * @param defaultValue default value.
1009       * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
1010       * @return property value as a <code>float</code>, 
1011       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1012       */
1013      public float getFloat(String name, float defaultValue) {
1014        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
1015        if (valueString == null)
1016          return defaultValue;
1017        return Float.parseFloat(valueString);
1018      }
1019      /**
1020       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>float</code>.
1021       * 
1022       * @param name property name.
1023       * @param value property value.
1024       */
1025      public void setFloat(String name, float value) {
1026        set(name,Float.toString(value));
1027      }
1028     
1029      /** 
1030       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>boolean</code>.  
1031       * If no such property is specified, or if the specified value is not a valid
1032       * <code>boolean</code>, then <code>defaultValue</code> is returned.
1033       * 
1034       * @param name property name.
1035       * @param defaultValue default value.
1036       * @return property value as a <code>boolean</code>, 
1037       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1038       */
1039      public boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue) {
1040        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
1041        if (null == valueString || "".equals(valueString)) {
1042          return defaultValue;
1043        }
1044    
1045        valueString = valueString.toLowerCase();
1046    
1047        if ("true".equals(valueString))
1048          return true;
1049        else if ("false".equals(valueString))
1050          return false;
1051        else return defaultValue;
1052      }
1053    
1054      /** 
1055       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>boolean</code>.
1056       * 
1057       * @param name property name.
1058       * @param value <code>boolean</code> value of the property.
1059       */
1060      public void setBoolean(String name, boolean value) {
1061        set(name, Boolean.toString(value));
1062      }
1063    
1064      /**
1065       * Set the given property, if it is currently unset.
1066       * @param name property name
1067       * @param value new value
1068       */
1069      public void setBooleanIfUnset(String name, boolean value) {
1070        setIfUnset(name, Boolean.toString(value));
1071      }
1072    
1073      /**
1074       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to the given type. This
1075       * is equivalent to <code>set(&lt;name&gt;, value.toString())</code>.
1076       * @param name property name
1077       * @param value new value
1078       */
1079      public <T extends Enum<T>> void setEnum(String name, T value) {
1080        set(name, value.toString());
1081      }
1082    
1083      /**
1084       * Return value matching this enumerated type.
1085       * @param name Property name
1086       * @param defaultValue Value returned if no mapping exists
1087       * @throws IllegalArgumentException If mapping is illegal for the type
1088       * provided
1089       */
1090      public <T extends Enum<T>> T getEnum(String name, T defaultValue) {
1091        final String val = get(name);
1092        return null == val
1093          ? defaultValue
1094          : Enum.valueOf(defaultValue.getDeclaringClass(), val);
1095      }
1096    
1097      /**
1098       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Pattern</code>.
1099       * If no such property is specified, or if the specified value is not a valid
1100       * <code>Pattern</code>, then <code>DefaultValue</code> is returned.
1101       *
1102       * @param name property name
1103       * @param defaultValue default value
1104       * @return property value as a compiled Pattern, or defaultValue
1105       */
1106      public Pattern getPattern(String name, Pattern defaultValue) {
1107        String valString = get(name);
1108        if (null == valString || "".equals(valString)) {
1109          return defaultValue;
1110        }
1111        try {
1112          return Pattern.compile(valString);
1113        } catch (PatternSyntaxException pse) {
1114          LOG.warn("Regular expression '" + valString + "' for property '" +
1115                   name + "' not valid. Using default", pse);
1116          return defaultValue;
1117        }
1118      }
1119    
1120      /**
1121       * Set the given property to <code>Pattern</code>.
1122       * If the pattern is passed as null, sets the empty pattern which results in
1123       * further calls to getPattern(...) returning the default value.
1124       *
1125       * @param name property name
1126       * @param pattern new value
1127       */
1128      public void setPattern(String name, Pattern pattern) {
1129        if (null == pattern) {
1130          set(name, null);
1131        } else {
1132          set(name, pattern.pattern());
1133        }
1134      }
1135    
1136      /**
1137       * Gets information about why a property was set.  Typically this is the 
1138       * path to the resource objects (file, URL, etc.) the property came from, but
1139       * it can also indicate that it was set programatically, or because of the
1140       * command line.
1141       *
1142       * @param name - The property name to get the source of.
1143       * @return null - If the property or its source wasn't found. Otherwise, 
1144       * returns a list of the sources of the resource.  The older sources are
1145       * the first ones in the list.  So for example if a configuration is set from
1146       * the command line, and then written out to a file that is read back in the
1147       * first entry would indicate that it was set from the command line, while
1148       * the second one would indicate the file that the new configuration was read
1149       * in from.
1150       */
1151      @InterfaceStability.Unstable
1152      public synchronized String[] getPropertySources(String name) {
1153        if (properties == null) {
1154          // If properties is null, it means a resource was newly added
1155          // but the props were cleared so as to load it upon future
1156          // requests. So lets force a load by asking a properties list.
1157          getProps();
1158        }
1159        // Return a null right away if our properties still
1160        // haven't loaded or the resource mapping isn't defined
1161        if (properties == null || updatingResource == null) {
1162          return null;
1163        } else {
1164          String[] source = updatingResource.get(name);
1165          if(source == null) {
1166            return null;
1167          } else {
1168            return Arrays.copyOf(source, source.length);
1169          }
1170        }
1171      }
1172    
1173      /**
1174       * A class that represents a set of positive integer ranges. It parses 
1175       * strings of the form: "2-3,5,7-" where ranges are separated by comma and 
1176       * the lower/upper bounds are separated by dash. Either the lower or upper 
1177       * bound may be omitted meaning all values up to or over. So the string 
1178       * above means 2, 3, 5, and 7, 8, 9, ...
1179       */
1180      public static class IntegerRanges implements Iterable<Integer>{
1181        private static class Range {
1182          int start;
1183          int end;
1184        }
1185        
1186        private static class RangeNumberIterator implements Iterator<Integer> {
1187          Iterator<Range> internal;
1188          int at;
1189          int end;
1190    
1191          public RangeNumberIterator(List<Range> ranges) {
1192            if (ranges != null) {
1193              internal = ranges.iterator();
1194            }
1195            at = -1;
1196            end = -2;
1197          }
1198          
1199          @Override
1200          public boolean hasNext() {
1201            if (at <= end) {
1202              return true;
1203            } else if (internal != null){
1204              return internal.hasNext();
1205            }
1206            return false;
1207          }
1208    
1209          @Override
1210          public Integer next() {
1211            if (at <= end) {
1212              at++;
1213              return at - 1;
1214            } else if (internal != null){
1215              Range found = internal.next();
1216              if (found != null) {
1217                at = found.start;
1218                end = found.end;
1219                at++;
1220                return at - 1;
1221              }
1222            }
1223            return null;
1224          }
1225    
1226          @Override
1227          public void remove() {
1228            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1229          }
1230        };
1231    
1232        List<Range> ranges = new ArrayList<Range>();
1233        
1234        public IntegerRanges() {
1235        }
1236        
1237        public IntegerRanges(String newValue) {
1238          StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(newValue, ",");
1239          while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
1240            String rng = itr.nextToken().trim();
1241            String[] parts = rng.split("-", 3);
1242            if (parts.length < 1 || parts.length > 2) {
1243              throw new IllegalArgumentException("integer range badly formed: " + 
1244                                                 rng);
1245            }
1246            Range r = new Range();
1247            r.start = convertToInt(parts[0], 0);
1248            if (parts.length == 2) {
1249              r.end = convertToInt(parts[1], Integer.MAX_VALUE);
1250            } else {
1251              r.end = r.start;
1252            }
1253            if (r.start > r.end) {
1254              throw new IllegalArgumentException("IntegerRange from " + r.start + 
1255                                                 " to " + r.end + " is invalid");
1256            }
1257            ranges.add(r);
1258          }
1259        }
1260    
1261        /**
1262         * Convert a string to an int treating empty strings as the default value.
1263         * @param value the string value
1264         * @param defaultValue the value for if the string is empty
1265         * @return the desired integer
1266         */
1267        private static int convertToInt(String value, int defaultValue) {
1268          String trim = value.trim();
1269          if (trim.length() == 0) {
1270            return defaultValue;
1271          }
1272          return Integer.parseInt(trim);
1273        }
1274    
1275        /**
1276         * Is the given value in the set of ranges
1277         * @param value the value to check
1278         * @return is the value in the ranges?
1279         */
1280        public boolean isIncluded(int value) {
1281          for(Range r: ranges) {
1282            if (r.start <= value && value <= r.end) {
1283              return true;
1284            }
1285          }
1286          return false;
1287        }
1288        
1289        /**
1290         * @return true if there are no values in this range, else false.
1291         */
1292        public boolean isEmpty() {
1293          return ranges == null || ranges.isEmpty();
1294        }
1295        
1296        @Override
1297        public String toString() {
1298          StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
1299          boolean first = true;
1300          for(Range r: ranges) {
1301            if (first) {
1302              first = false;
1303            } else {
1304              result.append(',');
1305            }
1306            result.append(r.start);
1307            result.append('-');
1308            result.append(r.end);
1309          }
1310          return result.toString();
1311        }
1312    
1313        @Override
1314        public Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
1315          return new RangeNumberIterator(ranges);
1316        }
1317        
1318      }
1319    
1320      /**
1321       * Parse the given attribute as a set of integer ranges
1322       * @param name the attribute name
1323       * @param defaultValue the default value if it is not set
1324       * @return a new set of ranges from the configured value
1325       */
1326      public IntegerRanges getRange(String name, String defaultValue) {
1327        return new IntegerRanges(get(name, defaultValue));
1328      }
1329    
1330      /** 
1331       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1332       * a collection of <code>String</code>s.  
1333       * If no such property is specified then empty collection is returned.
1334       * <p>
1335       * This is an optimized version of {@link #getStrings(String)}
1336       * 
1337       * @param name property name.
1338       * @return property value as a collection of <code>String</code>s. 
1339       */
1340      public Collection<String> getStringCollection(String name) {
1341        String valueString = get(name);
1342        return StringUtils.getStringCollection(valueString);
1343      }
1344    
1345      /** 
1346       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1347       * an array of <code>String</code>s.  
1348       * If no such property is specified then <code>null</code> is returned.
1349       * 
1350       * @param name property name.
1351       * @return property value as an array of <code>String</code>s, 
1352       *         or <code>null</code>. 
1353       */
1354      public String[] getStrings(String name) {
1355        String valueString = get(name);
1356        return StringUtils.getStrings(valueString);
1357      }
1358    
1359      /** 
1360       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1361       * an array of <code>String</code>s.  
1362       * If no such property is specified then default value is returned.
1363       * 
1364       * @param name property name.
1365       * @param defaultValue The default value
1366       * @return property value as an array of <code>String</code>s, 
1367       *         or default value. 
1368       */
1369      public String[] getStrings(String name, String... defaultValue) {
1370        String valueString = get(name);
1371        if (valueString == null) {
1372          return defaultValue;
1373        } else {
1374          return StringUtils.getStrings(valueString);
1375        }
1376      }
1377      
1378      /** 
1379       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1380       * a collection of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing whitespace.  
1381       * If no such property is specified then empty <code>Collection</code> is returned.
1382       *
1383       * @param name property name.
1384       * @return property value as a collection of <code>String</code>s, or empty <code>Collection</code> 
1385       */
1386      public Collection<String> getTrimmedStringCollection(String name) {
1387        String valueString = get(name);
1388        if (null == valueString) {
1389          Collection<String> empty = new ArrayList<String>();
1390          return empty;
1391        }
1392        return StringUtils.getTrimmedStringCollection(valueString);
1393      }
1394      
1395      /** 
1396       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1397       * an array of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing whitespace.
1398       * If no such property is specified then an empty array is returned.
1399       * 
1400       * @param name property name.
1401       * @return property value as an array of trimmed <code>String</code>s, 
1402       *         or empty array. 
1403       */
1404      public String[] getTrimmedStrings(String name) {
1405        String valueString = get(name);
1406        return StringUtils.getTrimmedStrings(valueString);
1407      }
1408    
1409      /** 
1410       * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as 
1411       * an array of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing whitespace.
1412       * If no such property is specified then default value is returned.
1413       * 
1414       * @param name property name.
1415       * @param defaultValue The default value
1416       * @return property value as an array of trimmed <code>String</code>s, 
1417       *         or default value. 
1418       */
1419      public String[] getTrimmedStrings(String name, String... defaultValue) {
1420        String valueString = get(name);
1421        if (null == valueString) {
1422          return defaultValue;
1423        } else {
1424          return StringUtils.getTrimmedStrings(valueString);
1425        }
1426      }
1427    
1428      /** 
1429       * Set the array of string values for the <code>name</code> property as 
1430       * as comma delimited values.  
1431       * 
1432       * @param name property name.
1433       * @param values The values
1434       */
1435      public void setStrings(String name, String... values) {
1436        set(name, StringUtils.arrayToString(values));
1437      }
1438    
1439      /**
1440       * Get the socket address for <code>name</code> property as a
1441       * <code>InetSocketAddress</code>.
1442       * @param name property name.
1443       * @param defaultAddress the default value
1444       * @param defaultPort the default port
1445       * @return InetSocketAddress
1446       */
1447      public InetSocketAddress getSocketAddr(
1448          String name, String defaultAddress, int defaultPort) {
1449        final String address = get(name, defaultAddress);
1450        return NetUtils.createSocketAddr(address, defaultPort, name);
1451      }
1452    
1453      /**
1454       * Set the socket address for the <code>name</code> property as
1455       * a <code>host:port</code>.
1456       */
1457      public void setSocketAddr(String name, InetSocketAddress addr) {
1458        set(name, NetUtils.getHostPortString(addr));
1459      }
1460      
1461      /**
1462       * Set the socket address a client can use to connect for the
1463       * <code>name</code> property as a <code>host:port</code>.  The wildcard
1464       * address is replaced with the local host's address.
1465       * @param name property name.
1466       * @param addr InetSocketAddress of a listener to store in the given property
1467       * @return InetSocketAddress for clients to connect
1468       */
1469      public InetSocketAddress updateConnectAddr(String name,
1470                                                 InetSocketAddress addr) {
1471        final InetSocketAddress connectAddr = NetUtils.getConnectAddress(addr);
1472        setSocketAddr(name, connectAddr);
1473        return connectAddr;
1474      }
1475      
1476      /**
1477       * Load a class by name.
1478       * 
1479       * @param name the class name.
1480       * @return the class object.
1481       * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found.
1482       */
1483      public Class<?> getClassByName(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
1484        Class<?> ret = getClassByNameOrNull(name);
1485        if (ret == null) {
1486          throw new ClassNotFoundException("Class " + name + " not found");
1487        }
1488        return ret;
1489      }
1490      
1491      /**
1492       * Load a class by name, returning null rather than throwing an exception
1493       * if it couldn't be loaded. This is to avoid the overhead of creating
1494       * an exception.
1495       * 
1496       * @param name the class name
1497       * @return the class object, or null if it could not be found.
1498       */
1499      public Class<?> getClassByNameOrNull(String name) {
1500        Map<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>> map;
1501        
1502        synchronized (CACHE_CLASSES) {
1503          map = CACHE_CLASSES.get(classLoader);
1504          if (map == null) {
1505            map = Collections.synchronizedMap(
1506              new WeakHashMap<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>>());
1507            CACHE_CLASSES.put(classLoader, map);
1508          }
1509        }
1510    
1511        Class<?> clazz = null;
1512        WeakReference<Class<?>> ref = map.get(name); 
1513        if (ref != null) {
1514           clazz = ref.get();
1515        }
1516         
1517        if (clazz == null) {
1518          try {
1519            clazz = Class.forName(name, true, classLoader);
1520          } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1521            // Leave a marker that the class isn't found
1522            map.put(name, new WeakReference<Class<?>>(NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL));
1523            return null;
1524          }
1525          // two putters can race here, but they'll put the same class
1526          map.put(name, new WeakReference<Class<?>>(clazz));
1527          return clazz;
1528        } else if (clazz == NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL) {
1529          return null; // not found
1530        } else {
1531          // cache hit
1532          return clazz;
1533        }
1534      }
1535    
1536      /** 
1537       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property
1538       * as an array of <code>Class</code>.
1539       * The value of the property specifies a list of comma separated class names.  
1540       * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is 
1541       * returned.
1542       * 
1543       * @param name the property name.
1544       * @param defaultValue default value.
1545       * @return property value as a <code>Class[]</code>, 
1546       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1547       */
1548      public Class<?>[] getClasses(String name, Class<?> ... defaultValue) {
1549        String[] classnames = getTrimmedStrings(name);
1550        if (classnames == null)
1551          return defaultValue;
1552        try {
1553          Class<?>[] classes = new Class<?>[classnames.length];
1554          for(int i = 0; i < classnames.length; i++) {
1555            classes[i] = getClassByName(classnames[i]);
1556          }
1557          return classes;
1558        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1559          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1560        }
1561      }
1562    
1563      /** 
1564       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Class</code>.  
1565       * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is 
1566       * returned.
1567       * 
1568       * @param name the class name.
1569       * @param defaultValue default value.
1570       * @return property value as a <code>Class</code>, 
1571       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>. 
1572       */
1573      public Class<?> getClass(String name, Class<?> defaultValue) {
1574        String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
1575        if (valueString == null)
1576          return defaultValue;
1577        try {
1578          return getClassByName(valueString);
1579        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1580          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1581        }
1582      }
1583    
1584      /** 
1585       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Class</code>
1586       * implementing the interface specified by <code>xface</code>.
1587       *   
1588       * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is 
1589       * returned.
1590       * 
1591       * An exception is thrown if the returned class does not implement the named
1592       * interface. 
1593       * 
1594       * @param name the class name.
1595       * @param defaultValue default value.
1596       * @param xface the interface implemented by the named class.
1597       * @return property value as a <code>Class</code>, 
1598       *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
1599       */
1600      public <U> Class<? extends U> getClass(String name, 
1601                                             Class<? extends U> defaultValue, 
1602                                             Class<U> xface) {
1603        try {
1604          Class<?> theClass = getClass(name, defaultValue);
1605          if (theClass != null && !xface.isAssignableFrom(theClass))
1606            throw new RuntimeException(theClass+" not "+xface.getName());
1607          else if (theClass != null)
1608            return theClass.asSubclass(xface);
1609          else
1610            return null;
1611        } catch (Exception e) {
1612          throw new RuntimeException(e);
1613        }
1614      }
1615    
1616      /**
1617       * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>List</code>
1618       * of objects implementing the interface specified by <code>xface</code>.
1619       * 
1620       * An exception is thrown if any of the classes does not exist, or if it does
1621       * not implement the named interface.
1622       * 
1623       * @param name the property name.
1624       * @param xface the interface implemented by the classes named by
1625       *        <code>name</code>.
1626       * @return a <code>List</code> of objects implementing <code>xface</code>.
1627       */
1628      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1629      public <U> List<U> getInstances(String name, Class<U> xface) {
1630        List<U> ret = new ArrayList<U>();
1631        Class<?>[] classes = getClasses(name);
1632        for (Class<?> cl: classes) {
1633          if (!xface.isAssignableFrom(cl)) {
1634            throw new RuntimeException(cl + " does not implement " + xface);
1635          }
1636          ret.add((U)ReflectionUtils.newInstance(cl, this));
1637        }
1638        return ret;
1639      }
1640    
1641      /** 
1642       * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to the name of a 
1643       * <code>theClass</code> implementing the given interface <code>xface</code>.
1644       * 
1645       * An exception is thrown if <code>theClass</code> does not implement the 
1646       * interface <code>xface</code>. 
1647       * 
1648       * @param name property name.
1649       * @param theClass property value.
1650       * @param xface the interface implemented by the named class.
1651       */
1652      public void setClass(String name, Class<?> theClass, Class<?> xface) {
1653        if (!xface.isAssignableFrom(theClass))
1654          throw new RuntimeException(theClass+" not "+xface.getName());
1655        set(name, theClass.getName());
1656      }
1657    
1658      /** 
1659       * Get a local file under a directory named by <i>dirsProp</i> with
1660       * the given <i>path</i>.  If <i>dirsProp</i> contains multiple directories,
1661       * then one is chosen based on <i>path</i>'s hash code.  If the selected
1662       * directory does not exist, an attempt is made to create it.
1663       * 
1664       * @param dirsProp directory in which to locate the file.
1665       * @param path file-path.
1666       * @return local file under the directory with the given path.
1667       */
1668      public Path getLocalPath(String dirsProp, String path)
1669        throws IOException {
1670        String[] dirs = getTrimmedStrings(dirsProp);
1671        int hashCode = path.hashCode();
1672        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.getLocal(this);
1673        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.length; i++) {  // try each local dir
1674          int index = (hashCode+i & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % dirs.length;
1675          Path file = new Path(dirs[index], path);
1676          Path dir = file.getParent();
1677          if (fs.mkdirs(dir) || fs.exists(dir)) {
1678            return file;
1679          }
1680        }
1681        LOG.warn("Could not make " + path + 
1682                 " in local directories from " + dirsProp);
1683        for(int i=0; i < dirs.length; i++) {
1684          int index = (hashCode+i & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % dirs.length;
1685          LOG.warn(dirsProp + "[" + index + "]=" + dirs[index]);
1686        }
1687        throw new IOException("No valid local directories in property: "+dirsProp);
1688      }
1689    
1690      /** 
1691       * Get a local file name under a directory named in <i>dirsProp</i> with
1692       * the given <i>path</i>.  If <i>dirsProp</i> contains multiple directories,
1693       * then one is chosen based on <i>path</i>'s hash code.  If the selected
1694       * directory does not exist, an attempt is made to create it.
1695       * 
1696       * @param dirsProp directory in which to locate the file.
1697       * @param path file-path.
1698       * @return local file under the directory with the given path.
1699       */
1700      public File getFile(String dirsProp, String path)
1701        throws IOException {
1702        String[] dirs = getTrimmedStrings(dirsProp);
1703        int hashCode = path.hashCode();
1704        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.length; i++) {  // try each local dir
1705          int index = (hashCode+i & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % dirs.length;
1706          File file = new File(dirs[index], path);
1707          File dir = file.getParentFile();
1708          if (dir.exists() || dir.mkdirs()) {
1709            return file;
1710          }
1711        }
1712        throw new IOException("No valid local directories in property: "+dirsProp);
1713      }
1714    
1715      /** 
1716       * Get the {@link URL} for the named resource.
1717       * 
1718       * @param name resource name.
1719       * @return the url for the named resource.
1720       */
1721      public URL getResource(String name) {
1722        return classLoader.getResource(name);
1723      }
1724      
1725      /** 
1726       * Get an input stream attached to the configuration resource with the
1727       * given <code>name</code>.
1728       * 
1729       * @param name configuration resource name.
1730       * @return an input stream attached to the resource.
1731       */
1732      public InputStream getConfResourceAsInputStream(String name) {
1733        try {
1734          URL url= getResource(name);
1735    
1736          if (url == null) {
1737            LOG.info(name + " not found");
1738            return null;
1739          } else {
1740            LOG.info("found resource " + name + " at " + url);
1741          }
1742    
1743          return url.openStream();
1744        } catch (Exception e) {
1745          return null;
1746        }
1747      }
1748    
1749      /** 
1750       * Get a {@link Reader} attached to the configuration resource with the
1751       * given <code>name</code>.
1752       * 
1753       * @param name configuration resource name.
1754       * @return a reader attached to the resource.
1755       */
1756      public Reader getConfResourceAsReader(String name) {
1757        try {
1758          URL url= getResource(name);
1759    
1760          if (url == null) {
1761            LOG.info(name + " not found");
1762            return null;
1763          } else {
1764            LOG.info("found resource " + name + " at " + url);
1765          }
1766    
1767          return new InputStreamReader(url.openStream());
1768        } catch (Exception e) {
1769          return null;
1770        }
1771      }
1772    
1773      protected synchronized Properties getProps() {
1774        if (properties == null) {
1775          properties = new Properties();
1776          HashMap<String, String[]> backup = 
1777            new HashMap<String, String[]>(updatingResource);
1778          loadResources(properties, resources, quietmode);
1779          if (overlay!= null) {
1780            properties.putAll(overlay);
1781            for (Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: overlay.entrySet()) {
1782              String key = (String)item.getKey();
1783              updatingResource.put(key, backup.get(key));
1784            }
1785          }
1786        }
1787        return properties;
1788      }
1789    
1790      /**
1791       * Return the number of keys in the configuration.
1792       *
1793       * @return number of keys in the configuration.
1794       */
1795      public int size() {
1796        return getProps().size();
1797      }
1798    
1799      /**
1800       * Clears all keys from the configuration.
1801       */
1802      public void clear() {
1803        getProps().clear();
1804        getOverlay().clear();
1805      }
1806    
1807      /**
1808       * Get an {@link Iterator} to go through the list of <code>String</code> 
1809       * key-value pairs in the configuration.
1810       * 
1811       * @return an iterator over the entries.
1812       */
1813      @Override
1814      public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator() {
1815        // Get a copy of just the string to string pairs. After the old object
1816        // methods that allow non-strings to be put into configurations are removed,
1817        // we could replace properties with a Map<String,String> and get rid of this
1818        // code.
1819        Map<String,String> result = new HashMap<String,String>();
1820        for(Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: getProps().entrySet()) {
1821          if (item.getKey() instanceof String && 
1822              item.getValue() instanceof String) {
1823            result.put((String) item.getKey(), (String) item.getValue());
1824          }
1825        }
1826        return result.entrySet().iterator();
1827      }
1828    
1829      private Document parse(DocumentBuilder builder, URL url)
1830          throws IOException, SAXException {
1831        if (!quietmode) {
1832          LOG.info("parsing URL " + url);
1833        }
1834        if (url == null) {
1835          return null;
1836        }
1837        return parse(builder, url.openStream(), url.toString());
1838      }
1839    
1840      private Document parse(DocumentBuilder builder, InputStream is,
1841          String systemId) throws IOException, SAXException {
1842        if (!quietmode) {
1843          LOG.info("parsing input stream " + is);
1844        }
1845        if (is == null) {
1846          return null;
1847        }
1848        try {
1849          return (systemId == null) ? builder.parse(is) : builder.parse(is,
1850              systemId);
1851        } finally {
1852          is.close();
1853        }
1854      }
1855    
1856      private void loadResources(Properties properties,
1857                                 ArrayList<Resource> resources,
1858                                 boolean quiet) {
1859        if(loadDefaults) {
1860          for (String resource : defaultResources) {
1861            loadResource(properties, new Resource(resource), quiet);
1862          }
1863        
1864          //support the hadoop-site.xml as a deprecated case
1865          if(getResource("hadoop-site.xml")!=null) {
1866            loadResource(properties, new Resource("hadoop-site.xml"), quiet);
1867          }
1868        }
1869        
1870        for (int i = 0; i < resources.size(); i++) {
1871          Resource ret = loadResource(properties, resources.get(i), quiet);
1872          if (ret != null) {
1873            resources.set(i, ret);
1874          }
1875        }
1876      }
1877      
1878      private Resource loadResource(Properties properties, Resource wrapper, boolean quiet) {
1879        String name = UNKNOWN_RESOURCE;
1880        try {
1881          Object resource = wrapper.getResource();
1882          name = wrapper.getName();
1883          
1884          DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFactory 
1885            = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
1886          //ignore all comments inside the xml file
1887          docBuilderFactory.setIgnoringComments(true);
1888    
1889          //allow includes in the xml file
1890          docBuilderFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
1891          try {
1892              docBuilderFactory.setXIncludeAware(true);
1893          } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
1894            LOG.error("Failed to set setXIncludeAware(true) for parser "
1895                    + docBuilderFactory
1896                    + ":" + e,
1897                    e);
1898          }
1899          DocumentBuilder builder = docBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
1900          Document doc = null;
1901          Element root = null;
1902          boolean returnCachedProperties = false;
1903          
1904          if (resource instanceof URL) {                  // an URL resource
1905            doc = parse(builder, (URL)resource);
1906          } else if (resource instanceof String) {        // a CLASSPATH resource
1907            URL url = getResource((String)resource);
1908            doc = parse(builder, url);
1909          } else if (resource instanceof Path) {          // a file resource
1910            // Can't use FileSystem API or we get an infinite loop
1911            // since FileSystem uses Configuration API.  Use java.io.File instead.
1912            File file = new File(((Path)resource).toUri().getPath())
1913              .getAbsoluteFile();
1914            if (file.exists()) {
1915              if (!quiet) {
1916                LOG.info("parsing File " + file);
1917              }
1918              doc = parse(builder, new BufferedInputStream(
1919                  new FileInputStream(file)), ((Path)resource).toString());
1920            }
1921          } else if (resource instanceof InputStream) {
1922            doc = parse(builder, (InputStream) resource, null);
1923            returnCachedProperties = true;
1924          } else if (resource instanceof Properties) {
1925            overlay(properties, (Properties)resource);
1926          } else if (resource instanceof Element) {
1927            root = (Element)resource;
1928          }
1929    
1930          if (doc == null && root == null) {
1931            if (quiet)
1932              return null;
1933            throw new RuntimeException(resource + " not found");
1934          }
1935    
1936          if (root == null) {
1937            root = doc.getDocumentElement();
1938          }
1939          Properties toAddTo = properties;
1940          if(returnCachedProperties) {
1941            toAddTo = new Properties();
1942          }
1943          if (!"configuration".equals(root.getTagName()))
1944            LOG.fatal("bad conf file: top-level element not <configuration>");
1945          NodeList props = root.getChildNodes();
1946          for (int i = 0; i < props.getLength(); i++) {
1947            Node propNode = props.item(i);
1948            if (!(propNode instanceof Element))
1949              continue;
1950            Element prop = (Element)propNode;
1951            if ("configuration".equals(prop.getTagName())) {
1952              loadResource(toAddTo, new Resource(prop, name), quiet);
1953              continue;
1954            }
1955            if (!"property".equals(prop.getTagName()))
1956              LOG.warn("bad conf file: element not <property>");
1957            NodeList fields = prop.getChildNodes();
1958            String attr = null;
1959            String value = null;
1960            boolean finalParameter = false;
1961            LinkedList<String> source = new LinkedList<String>();
1962            for (int j = 0; j < fields.getLength(); j++) {
1963              Node fieldNode = fields.item(j);
1964              if (!(fieldNode instanceof Element))
1965                continue;
1966              Element field = (Element)fieldNode;
1967              if ("name".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1968                attr = StringInterner.weakIntern(
1969                    ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData().trim());
1970              if ("value".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1971                value = StringInterner.weakIntern(
1972                    ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData());
1973              if ("final".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1974                finalParameter = "true".equals(((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData());
1975              if ("source".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
1976                source.add(StringInterner.weakIntern(
1977                    ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData()));
1978            }
1979            source.add(name);
1980            
1981            // Ignore this parameter if it has already been marked as 'final'
1982            if (attr != null) {
1983              if (deprecatedKeyMap.containsKey(attr)) {
1984                DeprecatedKeyInfo keyInfo = deprecatedKeyMap.get(attr);
1985                keyInfo.accessed = false;
1986                for (String key:keyInfo.newKeys) {
1987                  // update new keys with deprecated key's value 
1988                  loadProperty(toAddTo, name, key, value, finalParameter, 
1989                      source.toArray(new String[source.size()]));
1990                }
1991              }
1992              else {
1993                loadProperty(toAddTo, name, attr, value, finalParameter, 
1994                    source.toArray(new String[source.size()]));
1995              }
1996            }
1997          }
1998          
1999          if (returnCachedProperties) {
2000            overlay(properties, toAddTo);
2001            return new Resource(toAddTo, name);
2002          }
2003          return null;
2004        } catch (IOException e) {
2005          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name, e);
2006          throw new RuntimeException(e);
2007        } catch (DOMException e) {
2008          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name, e);
2009          throw new RuntimeException(e);
2010        } catch (SAXException e) {
2011          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name, e);
2012          throw new RuntimeException(e);
2013        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
2014          LOG.fatal("error parsing conf " + name , e);
2015          throw new RuntimeException(e);
2016        }
2017      }
2018    
2019      private void overlay(Properties to, Properties from) {
2020        for (Entry<Object, Object> entry: from.entrySet()) {
2021          to.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
2022        }
2023      }
2024      
2025      private void loadProperty(Properties properties, String name, String attr,
2026          String value, boolean finalParameter, String[] source) {
2027        if (value != null) {
2028          if (!finalParameters.contains(attr)) {
2029            properties.setProperty(attr, value);
2030            updatingResource.put(attr, source);
2031          } else {
2032            LOG.warn(name+":an attempt to override final parameter: "+attr
2033                +";  Ignoring.");
2034          }
2035        }
2036        if (finalParameter) {
2037          finalParameters.add(attr);
2038        }
2039      }
2040    
2041      /** 
2042       * Write out the non-default properties in this configuration to the given
2043       * {@link OutputStream}.
2044       * 
2045       * @param out the output stream to write to.
2046       */
2047      public void writeXml(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
2048        writeXml(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
2049      }
2050    
2051      /** 
2052       * Write out the non-default properties in this configuration to the given
2053       * {@link Writer}.
2054       * 
2055       * @param out the writer to write to.
2056       */
2057      public void writeXml(Writer out) throws IOException {
2058        Document doc = asXmlDocument();
2059    
2060        try {
2061          DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
2062          StreamResult result = new StreamResult(out);
2063          TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
2064          Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
2065    
2066          // Important to not hold Configuration log while writing result, since
2067          // 'out' may be an HDFS stream which needs to lock this configuration
2068          // from another thread.
2069          transformer.transform(source, result);
2070        } catch (TransformerException te) {
2071          throw new IOException(te);
2072        }
2073      }
2074    
2075      /**
2076       * Return the XML DOM corresponding to this Configuration.
2077       */
2078      private synchronized Document asXmlDocument() throws IOException {
2079        Document doc;
2080        try {
2081          doc =
2082            DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().newDocument();
2083        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pe) {
2084          throw new IOException(pe);
2085        }
2086        Element conf = doc.createElement("configuration");
2087        doc.appendChild(conf);
2088        conf.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("\n"));
2089        handleDeprecation(); //ensure properties is set and deprecation is handled
2090        for (Enumeration e = properties.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
2091          String name = (String)e.nextElement();
2092          Object object = properties.get(name);
2093          String value = null;
2094          if (object instanceof String) {
2095            value = (String) object;
2096          }else {
2097            continue;
2098          }
2099          Element propNode = doc.createElement("property");
2100          conf.appendChild(propNode);
2101    
2102          Element nameNode = doc.createElement("name");
2103          nameNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(name));
2104          propNode.appendChild(nameNode);
2105    
2106          Element valueNode = doc.createElement("value");
2107          valueNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(value));
2108          propNode.appendChild(valueNode);
2109    
2110          if (updatingResource != null) {
2111            String[] sources = updatingResource.get(name);
2112            if(sources != null) {
2113              for(String s : sources) {
2114                Element sourceNode = doc.createElement("source");
2115                sourceNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(s));
2116                propNode.appendChild(sourceNode);
2117              }
2118            }
2119          }
2120          
2121          conf.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("\n"));
2122        }
2123        return doc;
2124      }
2125    
2126      /**
2127       *  Writes out all the parameters and their properties (final and resource) to
2128       *  the given {@link Writer}
2129       *  The format of the output would be 
2130       *  { "properties" : [ {key1,value1,key1.isFinal,key1.resource}, {key2,value2,
2131       *  key2.isFinal,key2.resource}... ] } 
2132       *  It does not output the parameters of the configuration object which is 
2133       *  loaded from an input stream.
2134       * @param out the Writer to write to
2135       * @throws IOException
2136       */
2137      public static void dumpConfiguration(Configuration config,
2138          Writer out) throws IOException {
2139        JsonFactory dumpFactory = new JsonFactory();
2140        JsonGenerator dumpGenerator = dumpFactory.createJsonGenerator(out);
2141        dumpGenerator.writeStartObject();
2142        dumpGenerator.writeFieldName("properties");
2143        dumpGenerator.writeStartArray();
2144        dumpGenerator.flush();
2145        synchronized (config) {
2146          for (Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: config.getProps().entrySet()) {
2147            dumpGenerator.writeStartObject();
2148            dumpGenerator.writeStringField("key", (String) item.getKey());
2149            dumpGenerator.writeStringField("value", 
2150                                           config.get((String) item.getKey()));
2151            dumpGenerator.writeBooleanField("isFinal",
2152                                            config.finalParameters.contains(item.getKey()));
2153            String[] resources = config.updatingResource.get(item.getKey());
2154            String resource = UNKNOWN_RESOURCE;
2155            if(resources != null && resources.length > 0) {
2156              resource = resources[0];
2157            }
2158            dumpGenerator.writeStringField("resource", resource);
2159            dumpGenerator.writeEndObject();
2160          }
2161        }
2162        dumpGenerator.writeEndArray();
2163        dumpGenerator.writeEndObject();
2164        dumpGenerator.flush();
2165      }
2166      
2167      /**
2168       * Get the {@link ClassLoader} for this job.
2169       * 
2170       * @return the correct class loader.
2171       */
2172      public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
2173        return classLoader;
2174      }
2175      
2176      /**
2177       * Set the class loader that will be used to load the various objects.
2178       * 
2179       * @param classLoader the new class loader.
2180       */
2181      public void setClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
2182        this.classLoader = classLoader;
2183      }
2184      
2185      @Override
2186      public String toString() {
2187        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
2188        sb.append("Configuration: ");
2189        if(loadDefaults) {
2190          toString(defaultResources, sb);
2191          if(resources.size()>0) {
2192            sb.append(", ");
2193          }
2194        }
2195        toString(resources, sb);
2196        return sb.toString();
2197      }
2198      
2199      private <T> void toString(List<T> resources, StringBuilder sb) {
2200        ListIterator<T> i = resources.listIterator();
2201        while (i.hasNext()) {
2202          if (i.nextIndex() != 0) {
2203            sb.append(", ");
2204          }
2205          sb.append(i.next());
2206        }
2207      }
2208    
2209      /** 
2210       * Set the quietness-mode. 
2211       * 
2212       * In the quiet-mode, error and informational messages might not be logged.
2213       * 
2214       * @param quietmode <code>true</code> to set quiet-mode on, <code>false</code>
2215       *              to turn it off.
2216       */
2217      public synchronized void setQuietMode(boolean quietmode) {
2218        this.quietmode = quietmode;
2219      }
2220    
2221      synchronized boolean getQuietMode() {
2222        return this.quietmode;
2223      }
2224      
2225      /** For debugging.  List non-default properties to the terminal and exit. */
2226      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
2227        new Configuration().writeXml(System.out);
2228      }
2229    
2230      @Override
2231      public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
2232        clear();
2233        int size = WritableUtils.readVInt(in);
2234        for(int i=0; i < size; ++i) {
2235          String key = org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.readString(in);
2236          String value = org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.readString(in);
2237          set(key, value); 
2238          String sources[] = WritableUtils.readCompressedStringArray(in);
2239          updatingResource.put(key, sources);
2240        }
2241      }
2242    
2243      //@Override
2244      @Override
2245      public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
2246        Properties props = getProps();
2247        WritableUtils.writeVInt(out, props.size());
2248        for(Map.Entry<Object, Object> item: props.entrySet()) {
2249          org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.writeString(out, (String) item.getKey());
2250          org.apache.hadoop.io.Text.writeString(out, (String) item.getValue());
2251          WritableUtils.writeCompressedStringArray(out, 
2252              updatingResource.get(item.getKey()));
2253        }
2254      }
2255      
2256      /**
2257       * get keys matching the the regex 
2258       * @param regex
2259       * @return Map<String,String> with matching keys
2260       */
2261      public Map<String,String> getValByRegex(String regex) {
2262        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);
2263    
2264        Map<String,String> result = new HashMap<String,String>();
2265        Matcher m;
2266    
2267        for(Map.Entry<Object,Object> item: getProps().entrySet()) {
2268          if (item.getKey() instanceof String && 
2269              item.getValue() instanceof String) {
2270            m = p.matcher((String)item.getKey());
2271            if(m.find()) { // match
2272              result.put((String) item.getKey(), (String) item.getValue());
2273            }
2274          }
2275        }
2276        return result;
2277      }
2278    
2279      //Load deprecated keys in common
2280      private static void addDeprecatedKeys() {
2281        Configuration.addDeprecation("topology.script.file.name", 
2282                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_SCRIPT_FILE_NAME_KEY});
2283        Configuration.addDeprecation("topology.script.number.args", 
2284                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_SCRIPT_NUMBER_ARGS_KEY});
2285        Configuration.addDeprecation("hadoop.configured.node.mapping", 
2286                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_CONFIGURED_NODE_MAPPING_KEY});
2287        Configuration.addDeprecation("topology.node.switch.mapping.impl", 
2288                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.NET_TOPOLOGY_NODE_SWITCH_MAPPING_IMPL_KEY});
2289        Configuration.addDeprecation("dfs.df.interval", 
2290                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_DF_INTERVAL_KEY});
2291        Configuration.addDeprecation("hadoop.native.lib", 
2292                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.IO_NATIVE_LIB_AVAILABLE_KEY});
2293        Configuration.addDeprecation("fs.default.name", 
2294                   new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_DEFAULT_NAME_KEY});
2295        Configuration.addDeprecation("dfs.umaskmode",
2296            new String[]{CommonConfigurationKeys.FS_PERMISSIONS_UMASK_KEY});
2297      }
2298      
2299      /**
2300       * A unique class which is used as a sentinel value in the caching
2301       * for getClassByName. {@see Configuration#getClassByNameOrNull(String)}
2302       */
2303      private static abstract class NegativeCacheSentinel {}
2304    
2305      public static void dumpDeprecatedKeys() {
2306        for (Map.Entry<String, DeprecatedKeyInfo> entry : deprecatedKeyMap.entrySet()) {
2307          String newKeys = "";
2308          for (String newKey : entry.getValue().newKeys) {
2309            newKeys += newKey + "\t";
2310          }
2311          System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "\t" + newKeys);
2312        }
2313      }
2314    }