How To Configure Authentication for Amazon S3

There are several ways to integrate Amazon S3 storage with Cloudera clusters, depending on your use case and other factors, including whether the cluster has been deployed using Amazon EC2 instances and if those instances were deployed using an IAM role, such as might be the case for clusters that have a single-user or small-team with comparable privileges. Clusters deployed to support many different users with various privilege levels to the Amazon S3 need to use AWS Credentials and have privileges to target data set up in Ranger.

Authentication through the S3 Connector Service

With Cloudera Manager and CDH 5.10+ clusters, the S3 Connector Service automates the authentication process to Amazon S3 for Impala, Hive, and Hue, the components used for business-analytical use cases designed to run on persistent multi-tenant clusters.

The S3 Connector Service transparently and securely distributes AWS credentials needed by the cluster for the Amazon S3 storage. Access to the underlying Impala tables is controlled by Ranger role-based permissions. The S3 Connector Service runs on a secure cluster only, that is, a cluster configured to use:

Kerberos for authentication, and
Ranger for role-based authorization.

The S3 Connector Service setup wizard is launched automatically in Cloudera Manager during the AWS Credential setup process when you select the path to add the S3 Connector Service.

See Configuring the Amazon S3 Connector for more information about the S3 Connector Service.

Authentication through Advanced Configuration Snippets

Before release 5.10 and the introduction of the S3 Connector Service, using Amazon S3 storage with the cluster involved adding the credentials to the core-site.xml configuration file (through Cloudera Manager's Advanced Configuration Snippet mechanism). This approach is not recommended. AWS credentials provide read and write access to data stored on Amazon S3, so they should be kept secure at all times.

Never share the credentials with other cluster users or services.
Do not store in cleartext in any configuration files. When possible, use Hadoop's credential provider to encrypt and store credentials in the local JCEK (Java Cryptography Extension Keystore).
Enable Cloudera sensitive data redaction to ensure that passwords and other sensitive information does not appear in log files.

To enable CDP services to access Amazon S3, AWS credentials can be specified using the fs.s3a.access.key and fs.s3a.secret.key properties:

<property>
        <name>fs.s3a.access.key</name>
        <value>your_access_key</value>
        </property>
        
        <property>
        <name>fs.s3a.secret.key</name>
        <value>your_secret_key</value>
        </property>

The process of adding AWS credentials is generally the same as that detailed in Configuring server-side encryption for Amazon S3, that is, using the Cloudera Manager Admin Console to add the properties and values to the core-site.xml configuration file (Advanced Configuration Snippet). However, Cloudera strongly discourages this approach: in general, adding AWS credentials to the core-site.xml is not recommended. A somewhat more secure approach is to use temporary credentials, which include a session token that limits the viability of the credentials to a shorter time-frame within which a key can be stolen and used.

Using Temporary Credentials for Amazon S3

The AWS Security Token Service (STS) issues temporary credentials to access AWS services such as Amazon S3. These temporary credentials include an access key, a secret key, and a session token that expires within a configurable amount of time. Temporary credentials are not currently handled transparently by CDP, so administrators must obtain them directly from Amazon STS. For details, see Temporary Security Credentials in the AWS Identity and Access Management Guide.

To connect to Amazon S3 using temporary credentials obtained from STS, submit them as command-line arguments with the Hadoop job. For example:

-Dfs.s3a.access.key=your_temp_access_key
            -Dfs.s3a.secret.key=your_temp_secret_key
            -Dfs.s3a.session.token=your_session_token_from_AmazonSTS
            -Dfs.s3a.aws.credentials.provider=org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.TemporaryAWSCredentialsProvider

Creating a Table in a Bucket

To create a table in a bucket, a user must have Ranger permissions on the S3 database and bucket URI. Cloudera recommends that you create a database specifically for the purpose of creating tables. Then, you must grant the user's role one of the following options:

CREATE on the server and ALL on the URI
CREATE on the database and ALL on the URI

To allow a user to create tables in a bucket, complete the following steps:

Create a database where you want to create the tables.
Grant CREATE on the database to the user's role, as shown in the following example:
Grant ALL on the bucket URI to the user's role, as shown in the following example:

The user must create the table with a reference to the database. For example:

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE
              rangers3demo.your_external_s3_table
              (name STRING, type STRING) ROW FORMAT
              DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
              LOCATION 's3a://your-bucket-name/';