2. Kerberos Principals
Each service and sub-service in Hadoop must have its own principal. A principal name in a given realm consists of a primary name and an instance name, in this case the instance name is the FQDN of the host that runs that service. As services do not log in with a password to acquire their tickets, their principal's authentication credentials are stored in a keytab file, which is extracted from the Kerberos database and stored locally in a secured directory with the service principal on the service component host.
Principal and Keytab Naming Conventions
Asset | Convention | Example |
|---|---|---|
Principals | $service_component_name/$FQDN@EXAMPLE.COM | nn/c6401.ambari.apache.org@EXAMPLE.COM |
Keytabs | $service_component_abbreviation.service.keytab | /etc/security/keytabs/nn.service.keytab |
Notice in the preceding example the primary name for each service principal. These primary names, such as nn or hive for example, represent the NameNode or Hive service, respectively. Each primary name has appended to it the instance name, the FQDN of the host on which it runs. This convention provides a unique principal name for services that run on multiple hosts, like DataNodes and NodeManagers. Adding the host name serves to distinguish, for example, a request from DataNode A from a request from DataNode B. This is important for the following reasons:
Compromised Kerberos credentials for one DataNode do not automatically lead to compromised Kerberos credentials for all DataNodes.
If multiple DataNodes have exactly the same principal and are simultaneously connecting to the NameNode, and if the Kerberos authenticator being sent happens to have same timestamps, then the authentication is rejected as a replay request.
Ambari Principals
In addition to the Hadoop Service Principals, Ambari itself also requires a set of Ambari Principals to perform service “smoke” checks, perform alert health checks and to retrieve metrics from cluster components. Keytab files for the Ambari Principals reside on each cluster host, just as keytab files for the service principals.
Ambari Principals | Description |
|---|---|
Smoke and “Headless” Service users | Used by Ambari to perform service “smoke” checks and run alert health checks. |
Ambari Server user | When a cluster is enabled for Kerberos, the component REST endpoints (such as the YARN ATS component) require SPNEGO authentication. Ambari Server needs access to these APIs and requires a Kerberos principal in order to authenticate via SPNEGO against these APIs. |