First, see if you can reach the NameNode server with your browser:
http://$namenode.full.hostname:50070
Create the hdfs user directory in HDFS:
su $HDFS_USER hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hdfs
Try copying a file into HDFS and listing that file:
su $HDFS_USER hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal /etc/passwd passwd hdfs dfs -ls
Test browsing HDFS:
http://$datanode.full.hostname:50075/browseDirectory.jsp?namenodeInfoPort=50070&dir=/&nnaddr=$namenode.full.hostname:8020