GRANT Statement (CDH 5.2 or higher only)

The GRANT statement grants a privilege on a specified object to a role or grants a role to a group.

Syntax:

GRANT ROLE role_name TO GROUP group_name

GRANT privilege ON object_type object_name
   TO [ROLE] roleName
   [WITH GRANT OPTION]

privilege ::= ALL | CREATE | INSERT | REFRESH | SELECT | SELECT(column_name)
object_type ::= SERVER | URI | DATABASE | TABLE

Typically, the object name is an identifier. For URIs, it is a string literal.

Required privileges:

Only administrative users (initially, a predefined set of users specified in the Sentry service configuration file) can use this statement.

Only Sentry administrative users can grant roles to a group.

The WITH GRANT OPTION clause allows members of the specified role to issue GRANT and REVOKE statements for those same privileges. Hence, if a role has the ALL privilege on a database and the WITH GRANT OPTION set, users granted that role can execute GRANT/REVOKE statements only for that database or child tables of the database. This means a user could revoke the privileges of the user that provided them the GRANT OPTION.

The ability to grant or revoke SELECT privilege on specific columns is available in CDH 5.5 / Impala 2.3 and higher. See Hive SQL Syntax for Use with Sentry for details.

Usage notes:

You can only grant the ALL privilege to the URI object. Finer-grained privileges mentioned below on a URI are not supported.

The table below lists the minimum level of privileges and the scope required to execute SQL statements in CDH 6.1 / CDH 5.16 and higher. The following notations are used:

ANY denotes the SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, or REFRESH privilege.
ALL privilege denotes the SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, and REFRESH privileges.
The owner of an object effectively has the ALL privilege on the object.
The parent levels of the specified scope are implicitly supported. For example, if a privilege is listed with the TABLE scope, the same privilege granted on DATABASE and SERVER will allow the user to execute that specific SQL statement on TABLE.

SQL Statement	Privileges	Scope
SELECT	SELECT	TABLE
WITH SELECT	SELECT	TABLE
EXPLAIN SELECT	SELECT	TABLE
INSERT	INSERT	TABLE
EXPLAIN INSERT	INSERT	TABLE
TRUNCATE	INSERT	TABLE
LOAD	INSERT	TABLE
	ALL	URI
CREATE DATABASE	CREATE	SERVER
CREATE DATABASE LOCATION	CREATE	SERVER
	ALL	URI
CREATE TABLE	CREATE	DATABASE
CREATE TABLE LIKE	CREATE	DATABASE
	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS SELECT	CREATE	DATABASE
	INSERT	DATABASE
	SELECT	TABLE
EXPLAIN CREATE TABLE AS SELECT	CREATE	DATABASE
	INSERT	DATABASE
	SELECT	TABLE
CREATE TABLE LOCATION	CREATE	TABLE
	ALL	URI
CREATE VIEW	CREATE	DATABASE
	SELECT	TABLE
ALTER DATABASE SET OWNER	ALL WITH GRANT	DATABASE
ALTER TABLE	ALL	TABLE
ALTER TABLE SET LOCATION	ALL	TABLE
	ALL	URI
ALTER TABLE RENAME	CREATE	DATABASE
	ALL	TABLE
ALTER TABLE SET OWNER	ALL WITH GRANT	TABLE
ALTER VIEW	ALL	TABLE
	SELECT	TABLE
ALTER VIEW RENAME	CREATE	DATABASE
	ALL	TABLE
ALTER VIEW SET OWNER	ALL WITH GRANT	VIEW
DROP DATABASE	ALL	DATABASE
DROP TABLE	ALL	TABLE
DROP VIEW	ALL	TABLE
CREATE FUNCTION	CREATE	DATABASE
	ALL	URI
DROP FUNCTION	ALL	DATABASE
COMPUTE STATS	ALL	TABLE
DROP STATS	ALL	TABLE
INVALIDATE METADATA	REFRESH	SERVER
INVALIDATE METADATA <table>	REFRESH	TABLE
REFRESH <table>	REFRESH	TABLE
REFRESH FUNCTIONS	REFRESH	DATABASE
COMMENT ON DATABASE	ALL	DATABASE
COMMENT ON TABLE	ALL	TABLE
COMMENT ON VIEW	ALL	TABLE
COMMENT ON COLUMN	ALL	TABLE
DESCRIBE DATABASE	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	DATABASE
DESCRIBE <table/view>	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
If the user has the SELECT privilege at the COLUMN level, only the columns the user has access will show.	SELECT	COLUMN
USE	ANY	TABLE
SHOW DATABASES	ANY	TABLE
SHOW TABLES	ANY	TABLE
SHOW FUNCTIONS	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	DATABASE
SHOW PARTITIONS	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
SHOW TABLE STATS	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
SHOW COLUMN STATS	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
SHOW FILES	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
SHOW CREATE TABLE	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
SHOW CREATE VIEW	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
SHOW CREATE FUNCTION	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	DATABASE
SHOW RANGE PARTITIONS (Kudu only)	SELECT, INSERT, or REFRESH	TABLE
UPDATE (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE
EXPLAIN UPDATE (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE
UPSERT (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE
WITH UPSERT (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE
EXPLAIN UPSERT (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE
DELETE (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE
EXPLAIN DELETE (Kudu only)	ALL	TABLE

Compatibility:

The Impala GRANT and REVOKE statements are available in CDH 5.2 / Impala 2.0 and later.
In CDH 5.1 / Impala 1.4 and later, Impala can make use of any roles and privileges specified by the GRANT and REVOKE statements in Hive, when your system is configured to use the Sentry service instead of the file-based policy mechanism.
The Impala GRANT and REVOKE statements for privileges do not require the ROLE keyword to be repeated before each role name, unlike the equivalent Hive statements.
Currently, each Impala GRANT or REVOKE statement can only grant or revoke a single privilege to or from a single role.

Cancellation: Cannot be cancelled.

HDFS permissions: This statement does not touch any HDFS files or directories, therefore no HDFS permissions are required.

Kudu considerations:

Access to Kudu tables must be granted to and revoked from roles with the following considerations:

Only users with the ALL privilege on SERVER can create external Kudu tables.
The ALL privileges on SERVER is required to specify the kudu.master_addresses property in the CREATE TABLE statements for managed tables as well as external tables.
Access to Kudu tables is enforced at the table level and at the column level.
The SELECT- and INSERT-specific permissions are supported.
The DELETE, UPDATE, and UPSERT operations require the ALL privilege.

Because non-SQL APIs can access Kudu data without going through Sentry authorization, currently the Sentry support is considered preliminary and subject to change.

Related information:

Enabling Sentry Authorization for Impala, REVOKE Statement (CDH 5.2 or higher only), CREATE ROLE Statement (CDH 5.2 or higher only), DROP ROLE Statement (CDH 5.2 or higher only), SHOW Statement

EXPLAIN

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